{"id":7118,"date":"2025-05-15T11:12:07","date_gmt":"2025-05-15T09:12:07","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.fiw.ac.at\/?post_type=publication&#038;p=7118"},"modified":"2025-05-15T11:12:08","modified_gmt":"2025-05-15T09:12:08","slug":"fiw-pb-67-customs-unity-as-strenght-how-the-eu-and-its-partners-can-respond-to-tariff-threats","status":"publish","type":"publication","link":"https:\/\/www.fiw.ac.at\/en\/publications\/fiw-pb-67-customs-unity-as-strenght-how-the-eu-and-its-partners-can-respond-to-tariff-threats\/","title":{"rendered":"FIW-PB 67 (Customs) unity as strenght: How the EU and its partners can respond to tariff threats"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"has-text-align-left\">Abstract:<br>This Policy Brief explores the potential impact of forming a customs union between the European Union (EU) and key global partners (e.g. Canada, the UK, Mexico and Japan) as a strategic response to U.S. President Donald Trump\u2019s threatened tariffs. Using the GSIM partial equilibrium model, the study simulates various customs union configurations under two baseline scenarios of high and low U.S. tariffs. The findings show modest overall economic effects, with the EU consistently benefiting from increased output, while countries like Canada, Mexico and Japan would also gain under certain scenarios. The U.S. would experience output losses, and China would incur consistent welfare losses. The study argues that, beyond the economic rationale, broader security and geopolitical concerns \u2013 especially in light of Trump\u2019s antagonism towards NATO and traditional U.S. allies \u2013 justify stronger EU-led economic cooperation. It advocates for a strategic expansion of the EU\u2019s customs union to include like-minded global partners, reinforcing trade resilience and global economic stability.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Mario Holzner (wiiw \u2013 The Vienna Institute for International Economic Studies)<br>(Customs) unity as strenght: How the EU and its partners can respond to tariff threats<br>FIW-Policy Brief 67<br>May 2025<br>Language: English<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Zusammenfassung:<br>In diesem Policy Brief wird die M\u00f6glichkeit einer Zollunion zwischen der Europ\u00e4ischen Union (EU) und bedeutenden internationalen Partnern wie z. B. Kanada, Vereinigtes K\u00f6nigreich, Mexiko und Japan als potenzielle strategische Reaktion auf die von dem US-amerikanischen Pr\u00e4sidenten Donald Trump angedrohten Z\u00f6lle analysiert. Anhand des partiellen Gleichgewichtsmodells GSIM werden verschiedene Konfigurationen einer Zollunion unter zwei Basisszenarien mit hohen und niedrigen US-Z\u00f6llen simuliert. Die Ergebnisse zeigen moderate wirtschaftliche Auswirkungen. Die EU profitiert durchweg von einem Produktionsanstieg, w\u00e4hrend auch L\u00e4nder wie Kanada, Mexiko und Japan unter bestimmten Szenarien von Vorteilen profitieren w\u00fcrden. Die Vereinigten Staaten von Amerika w\u00fcrden Produktionsverluste verzeichnen, w\u00e4hrend die Volksrepublik China durchweg Wohlfahrtsverluste erleiden w\u00fcrde. Die Studie gelangt zu dem Schluss, dass \u00fcber die wirtschaftlichen Gr\u00fcnde hinaus umfassendere sicherheitspolitische und geopolitische Bedenken \u2013 insbesondere angesichts der feindseligen Haltung Trumps gegen\u00fcber der NATO und traditionellen Verb\u00fcndeten der USA \u2013 eine st\u00e4rkere wirtschaftspolitische Zusammenarbeit unter F\u00fchrung der EU rechtfertigen. Sie bef\u00fcrwortet eine strategische Erweiterung der EU-Zollunion auf gleichgesinnte globale Partner, mit dem Ziel, die Widerstandsf\u00e4higkeit des Handels und die globale wirtschaftliche Stabilit\u00e4t zu erh\u00f6hen.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"featured_media":0,"menu_order":0,"template":"","jelcode":[],"keyword":[1292,142,1294,20,260],"class_list":["post-7118","publication","type-publication","status-publish","hentry","keyword-customs-union","keyword-eu","keyword-geopolitics","keyword-international-trade","keyword-trade"],"acf":{"year":2025,"month":5,"day":"","volume":"","number":"67","pages":7,"reviewed":"","citeid":"FIW-PB-067","fiwseries":"FIW Policy Briefs","event":[6941]},"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v23.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>FIW-PB 67 (Customs) unity as strenght: How the EU and its partners can respond to tariff threats - FIW<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.fiw.ac.at\/en\/publications\/fiw-pb-67-customs-unity-as-strenght-how-the-eu-and-its-partners-can-respond-to-tariff-threats\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"FIW-PB 67 (Customs) unity as strenght: How the EU and its partners can respond to tariff threats - FIW\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Abstract:This Policy Brief explores the potential impact of forming a customs union between the European Union (EU) and key global partners (e.g. Canada, the UK, Mexico and Japan) as a strategic response to U.S. President Donald Trump\u2019s threatened tariffs. 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