{"id":1904,"date":"2023-02-13T16:19:20","date_gmt":"2023-02-13T16:19:20","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.fiw.ac.at\/publications\/greening-trade-environmental-provisions-in-trade-agreements\/"},"modified":"2023-04-28T11:14:05","modified_gmt":"2023-04-28T09:14:05","slug":"greening-trade-environmental-provisions-in-trade-agreements","status":"publish","type":"publication","link":"https:\/\/www.fiw.ac.at\/en\/publications\/greening-trade-environmental-provisions-in-trade-agreements\/","title":{"rendered":"FIW-PB 55 Greening Trade? Environmental Provisions in Trade Agreements"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p><span lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\" class=\"lang-attribute\"><strong>Abstract:<\/strong><br>International climate targets have far-reaching implications for all areas of the economy and life, including trade policy. To reach the target of the Paris Agreement, it may be necessary to link trade and environmental policy, whereby one way of linking the two policy areas is to include environmental provisions (EPs) in trade agreements. Several motives for including environmental concerns in trade agreements exist, ranging from promoting environmental cooperation and ensuring a level playing field to pursuing protectionist interests. In principle, the inclusion of environmental aspects is not a new development. Since the 1990s, EPs have been frequently integrated into trade agreements, for example on issues such as hazardous waste, deforestation or biodiversity protection. In recent years, as climate initiatives have gained prominence at the EU level, the number of EPs in trade agreements has steadily increased. Thereby, the inclusion of these concerns is very heterogeneous in terms of the subject matter and enforceability. A closer look at the enforceability indicator is crucial, because if EPs are not legally enforceable, addressing environmental concerns may not have an impact on trade and the environment. The European Commission is aware of this issue and therefore published the review of its policy chapter on trade and sustainable development in June 2022. This identifies how the contribution of EU trade agreements to promoting environmental protection can be improved, mentioning, among other actions, the strengthening of enforcement through trade sanctions as a last resort. Whether the current changes are effective in terms of environmental and trade impacts will be seen in further research.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\" class=\"lang-attribute\">Bettina Meinhart (WIFO)<br>Greening Trade? Environmental Provisions in Trade Agreements<br>FIW-Policy Brief 55<br>December 2022<br>Language: English<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Zusammenfassung:<\/strong><br>Internationale Klimaziele haben weitreichende Auswirkungen auf alle Bereiche der Wirtschaft und des Lebens, einschlie\u00dflich der Handelspolitik. Um das Ziel des Pariser Abkommens zu erreichen, kann es notwendig sein, Handels- und Umweltpolitik miteinander zu verkn\u00fcpfen.Eine M\u00f6glichkeit, die beiden Politikbereiche miteinander zu verbinden, besteht darin, Umweltbestimmungen (EP) in Handelsabkommen aufzunehmen. Es gibt verschiedene Motive f\u00fcr die Aufnahme von Umweltbelangen in Handelsabkommen, die von der F\u00f6rderung der Zusammenarbeit im Umweltbereich und der Gew\u00e4hrleistung gleicher Wettbewerbsbedingungen bis hin zur Verfolgung protektionistischer Interessen reichen. Im Prinzip ist die Einbeziehung von Umweltaspekten keine neue Entwicklung. Seit den 1990er Jahren wurden EP h\u00e4ufig in Handelsabkommen integriert, zum Beispiel zu Themen wie gef\u00e4hrliche Abf\u00e4lle, Entwaldung oder Schutz der biologischen Vielfalt. In den letzten Jahren, als Klimainitiativen auf EU-Ebene an Bedeutung gewonnen haben, ist die Zahl der EP in Handelsabkommen stetig gestiegen. Dabei ist die Einbeziehung dieser Belange in Bezug auf den Gegenstand und die Durchsetzbarkeit sehr heterogen. Ein genauerer Blick auf den Indikator der Durchsetzbarkeit ist von entscheidender Bedeutung, denn wenn EPs nicht rechtlich durchsetzbar sind, hat die Ber\u00fccksichtigung von Umweltbelangen m\u00f6glicherweise keine Auswirkungen auf Handel und Umwelt. Die Europ\u00e4ische Kommission ist sich dieser Problematik bewusst und hat daher im Juni 2022 die \u00dcberpr\u00fcfung ihres politischen Kapitels \u00fcber Handel und nachhaltige Entwicklung ver\u00f6ffentlicht. Darin wird aufgezeigt, wie der Beitrag der EU-Handelsabkommen zur F\u00f6rderung des Umweltschutzes verbessert werden kann, wobei unter anderem die St\u00e4rkung der Durchsetzung durch Handelssanktionen als letztes Mittel erw\u00e4hnt wird. Ob die derzeitigen \u00c4nderungen in Bezug auf die Auswirkungen auf die Umwelt und den Handel wirksam sind, wird sich in weiteren Untersuchungen zeigen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Bettina Meinhart (WIFO)<br>Greening Trade? Environmental Provisions in Trade Agreements<br>FIW-Policy Brief 55<br>Dezember 2022<br>Sprache: Englisch<\/p>\n","protected":false},"featured_media":0,"menu_order":0,"template":"","jelcode":[],"keyword":[],"class_list":["post-1904","publication","type-publication","status-publish","hentry"],"acf":{"year":2022,"month":10,"day":"","volume":"","number":"055","pages":"","reviewed":"","citeid":"FIW_PB_055","fiwseries":"FIW Policy Briefs","event":""},"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v23.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>FIW-PB 55 Greening Trade? 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